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SAE-AISI P21 Steel vs. ASTM A228 Music Wire

Both SAE-AISI P21 steel and ASTM A228 music wire are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 94% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A228 music wire.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1130
2450

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
49
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.9
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.0
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 6.5
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.3
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 32
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
45

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 40
87
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 31
52
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 37
79

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.22
0.7 to 1.0
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.5
0
Cobalt (Co), % 1.1 to 1.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
0
Iron (Fe), % 92.1 to 94.2
98 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 0.35 to 0.72
0.2 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni), % 3.9 to 4.3
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.2 to 0.4
0.1 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.25
0