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SAE-AISI P21 Steel vs. S45500 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI P21 steel and S45500 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 80% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (14, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel and the bottom bar is S45500 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Rockwell C Hardness 35
32 to 54
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
75
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1130
1370 to 1850

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
11

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 6.5
17
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.3
3.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 32
57
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
120

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 40
48 to 65
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 31
35 to 42
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 37
48 to 64

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.22
0 to 0.050
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.5
11 to 12.5
Cobalt (Co), % 1.1 to 1.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
1.5 to 2.5
Iron (Fe), % 92.1 to 94.2
71.5 to 79.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.35 to 0.72
0 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 3.9 to 4.3
7.5 to 9.5
Niobium (Nb), % 0
0 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.2 to 0.4
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
0 to 0.5
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.8 to 1.4
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.25
0