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SAE-AISI S4 Steel vs. SAE-AISI P21 Steel

Both SAE-AISI S4 steel and SAE-AISI P21 steel are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 95% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI S4 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670 to 2140
1130

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 280
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1390
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.4
7.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.7
9.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.2
6.5
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.0
2.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 29
32
Embodied Water, L/kg 48
62

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24 to 77
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22 to 48
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20 to 65
37

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.5 to 0.65
0.18 to 0.22
Chromium (Cr), % 0.1 to 0.5
0 to 0.5
Cobalt (Co), % 0
1.1 to 1.3
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 95.2 to 96.9
92.1 to 94.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 1.0
0.35 to 0.72
Nickel (Ni), % 0
3.9 to 4.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 1.8 to 2.3
0.2 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.25