High Strength Grade 21 Titanium vs. Moderate Strength Grade 21 Titanium
Both high strength grade 21 titanium and moderate strength grade 21 titanium are variants of the same material. They share alloy composition and many physical properties, but develop different mechanical properties as a result of different processing.
For each property being compared, the top bar is high strength grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is moderate strength grade 21 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 | |
| 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 660 | |
| 620 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 22 | |
| 22 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 51 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 790 | |
| 680 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1340 | |
| 1100 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 1170 | |
| 970 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1740 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1690 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 500 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 7.5 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 7.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 5.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 32 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 490 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 | |
| 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 5010 | |
| 3490 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 69 | |
| 57 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 50 | |
| 44 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 2.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 100 | |
| 82 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 14 to 16 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 2.2 to 3.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 to 0.17 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 76 to 81.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |