C12900 Copper vs. SAE-AISI 4140 Steel
C12900 copper belongs to the copper alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 4140 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C12900 copper and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4140 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 120 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 2.8 to 50 | |
| 11 to 26 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 43 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 150 to 210 | |
| 410 to 660 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 220 to 420 | |
| 690 to 1080 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 75 to 380 | |
| 590 to 990 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 210 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 200 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1080 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1030 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 390 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 380 | |
| 43 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 98 | |
| 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 98 | |
| 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 32 | |
| 2.4 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 9.0 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.6 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 41 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 330 | |
| 51 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 11 to 88 | |
| 74 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 24 to 640 | |
| 920 to 2590 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.2 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 6.8 to 13 | |
| 25 to 38 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 9.1 to 14 | |
| 22 to 30 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 110 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 7.8 to 15 | |
| 20 to 32 |
Alloy Composition
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.0030 | |
| 0 |
| Arsenic (As), % | 0 to 0.012 | |
| 0 |
| Bismuth (Bi), % | 0 to 0.0030 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0.38 to 0.43 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.1 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 99.88 to 100 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 | |
| 96.8 to 97.8 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.0040 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.75 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.35 |
| Silver (Ag), % | 0 to 0.054 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Tellurium (Te), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 |