C84400 Valve Metal vs. C94300 Bronze
Both C84400 valve metal and C94300 bronze are copper alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C84400 valve metal and the bottom bar is C94300 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 100 | |
| 87 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 19 | |
| 9.7 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.36 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 39 | |
| 32 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 230 | |
| 180 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 110 | |
| 120 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 180 | |
| 150 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 160 | |
| 110 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1000 | |
| 820 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 840 | |
| 760 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 370 | |
| 320 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 72 | |
| 63 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 19 | |
| 20 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 16 | |
| 9.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 17 | |
| 8.7 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 29 | |
| 28 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.8 | |
| 9.3 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.8 | |
| 2.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 46 | |
| 47 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 340 | |
| 370 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 36 | |
| 15 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 58 | |
| 77 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 6.6 | |
| 5.2 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 16 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 7.2 | |
| 5.2 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 9.4 | |
| 7.4 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 22 | |
| 21 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 8.3 | |
| 7.1 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 78 to 82 | |
| 67 to 72 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 6.0 to 8.0 | |
| 23 to 27 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 2.3 to 3.5 | |
| 4.5 to 6.0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 7.0 to 10 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.7 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |