C94100 Bronze vs. C99500 Copper
Both C94100 bronze and C99500 copper are copper alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 77% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94100 bronze and the bottom bar is C99500 copper.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 92 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 7.8 | |
| 13 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.36 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 34 | |
| 45 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 190 | |
| 540 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 130 | |
| 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 160 | |
| 240 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 130 | |
| 210 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 870 | |
| 1090 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 790 | |
| 1040 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 330 | |
| 400 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 20 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 9.0 | |
| 10 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.8 | |
| 10 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 29 | |
| 30 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 9.2 | |
| 8.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.0 | |
| 3.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 48 | |
| 47 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 370 | |
| 300 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 14 | |
| 63 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 97 | |
| 410 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 5.5 | |
| 7.7 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 16 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 5.8 | |
| 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 8.1 | |
| 17 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 7.6 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0.5 to 2.0 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 72 to 79 | |
| 82.5 to 92 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 3.0 to 5.0 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 3.5 to 5.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0.5 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 4.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0.5 to 2.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |