C94300 Bronze vs. C96400 Copper-nickel
Both C94300 bronze and C96400 copper-nickel are copper alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 68% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94300 bronze and the bottom bar is C96400 copper-nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 87 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.7 | |
| 25 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.36 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 32 | |
| 51 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 180 | |
| 490 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 120 | |
| 260 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 150 | |
| 240 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 110 | |
| 260 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 820 | |
| 1240 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 760 | |
| 1170 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 63 | |
| 28 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 20 | |
| 15 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 9.0 | |
| 5.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.7 | |
| 5.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 28 | |
| 45 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 9.3 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 2.9 | |
| 5.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 47 | |
| 87 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 370 | |
| 280 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 15 | |
| 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 77 | |
| 250 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 5.2 | |
| 8.6 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 16 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 5.2 | |
| 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 7.4 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 21 | |
| 7.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 7.1 | |
| 17 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 67 to 72 | |
| 62.3 to 71.3 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0.25 to 1.5 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 23 to 27 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 4.5 to 6.0 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |