C94500 Bronze vs. SAE-AISI D4 Steel
C94500 bronze belongs to the copper alloys classification, while SAE-AISI D4 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C94500 bronze and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 92 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 12 | |
| 8.4 to 15 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.36 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 34 | |
| 74 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 170 | |
| 760 to 2060 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 83 | |
| 470 to 1540 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 160 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 940 | |
| 1430 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 800 | |
| 1380 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 330 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 31 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 20 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 10 | |
| 4.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.7 | |
| 5.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 30 | |
| 8.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 9.3 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.2 | |
| 3.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 51 | |
| 49 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 380 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 17 | |
| 100 to 160 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 5.5 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 16 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 5.2 | |
| 27 to 75 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 7.4 | |
| 24 to 47 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 17 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 6.7 | |
| 23 to 63 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 | |
| 2.1 to 2.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 11 to 13 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 66.7 to 78 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 80.6 to 86.3 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 16 to 22 | |
| 0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.0050 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 6.0 to 8.0 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |