C96400 Copper-nickel vs. C94800 Bronze
Both C96400 copper-nickel and C94800 bronze are copper alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 73% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C96400 copper-nickel and the bottom bar is C94800 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 25 | |
| 22 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.33 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 43 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 490 | |
| 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 | |
| 160 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 240 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 260 | |
| 190 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1240 | |
| 1030 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1170 | |
| 900 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 400 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 28 | |
| 39 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 15 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 5.0 | |
| 12 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 5.1 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 45 | |
| 34 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.9 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 5.9 | |
| 3.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 87 | |
| 56 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 280 | |
| 350 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 58 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 250 | |
| 110 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 8.6 | |
| 7.2 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 19 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 9.8 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 16 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.8 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 17 | |
| 11 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 62.3 to 71.3 | |
| 84 to 89 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0.25 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.010 | |
| 0.3 to 1.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 1.5 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 4.5 to 6.0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0.5 to 1.5 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 4.5 to 6.0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 2.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 1.3 |