C99500 Copper vs. C94100 Bronze
Both C99500 copper and C94100 bronze are copper alloys. Both are furnished in the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. They have 77% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is C99500 copper and the bottom bar is C94100 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 120 | |
| 92 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 13 | |
| 7.8 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.34 | |
| 0.36 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 45 | |
| 34 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 540 | |
| 190 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 310 | |
| 130 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 240 | |
| 160 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 210 | |
| 130 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1090 | |
| 870 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1040 | |
| 790 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 400 | |
| 330 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 20 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 10 | |
| 9.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 10 | |
| 8.8 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 30 | |
| 29 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 8.7 | |
| 9.2 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.0 | |
| 3.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 47 | |
| 48 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 300 | |
| 370 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 63 | |
| 14 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 410 | |
| 97 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 7.7 | |
| 5.5 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 19 | |
| 16 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 | |
| 5.8 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 | |
| 8.1 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
| 7.6 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0.5 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Antimony (Sb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 82.5 to 92 | |
| 72 to 79 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 3.0 to 5.0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 18 to 22 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 3.5 to 5.5 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.5 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 0.0050 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 4.5 to 6.5 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0.5 to 2.0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 1.3 |