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S31254 Stainless Steel vs. ASTM A231 Spring Steel

Both S31254 stainless steel and ASTM A231 spring steel are iron alloys. They have 56% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is S31254 stainless steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A231 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 40
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 290
1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 56
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
73
Shear Strength, MPa 490
1080
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 720
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 330
1570

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 300
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1090
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 460
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 14
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.0
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.3
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 28
2.3
Density, g/cm3 8.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 5.5
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 74
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 190
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 240
230
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.8
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.020
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 19.5 to 20.5
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 0.5 to 1.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 51.4 to 56.3
96.7 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.0
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 6.0 to 6.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 17.5 to 18.5
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0.18 to 0.22
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.8
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.040
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3