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S31254 Stainless Steel vs. ASTM A321 Carbon Steel

Both S31254 stainless steel and ASTM A321 carbon steel are iron alloys. They have 55% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is S31254 stainless steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 40
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 290
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 56
39
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
73
Shear Strength, MPa 490
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 720
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 330
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 300
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1090
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 460
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 14
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.0
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.3
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 28
1.8
Density, g/cm3 8.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 5.5
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 74
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 190
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 240
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 270
400
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.8
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.55
Chromium (Cr), % 19.5 to 20.5
0
Copper (Cu), % 0.5 to 1.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 51.4 to 56.3
98.1 to 99.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.0
0.6 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 6.0 to 6.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 17.5 to 18.5
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0.18 to 0.22
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.8
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.050