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S31254 Stainless Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4340M Steel

Both S31254 stainless steel and SAE-AISI 4340M steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. They have 58% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is S31254 stainless steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190
710
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 40
6.0
Fatigue Strength, MPa 290
690
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
72
Shear Strength, MPa 490
1360
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 720
2340
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 330
1240

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 300
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1090
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 460
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 14
38
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 17
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.0
7.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.3
9.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 28
3.9
Density, g/cm3 8.0
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 5.5
1.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 74
26
Embodied Water, L/kg 190
55

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 44
2.2
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 240
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 270
4120
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25
84
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22
51
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.8
10
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15
70

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.020
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 19.5 to 20.5
0.7 to 1.0
Copper (Cu), % 0.5 to 1.0
0
Iron (Fe), % 51.4 to 56.3
93.3 to 94.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.0
0.65 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 6.0 to 6.5
0.35 to 0.45
Nickel (Ni), % 17.5 to 18.5
1.7 to 2.0
Nitrogen (N), % 0.18 to 0.22
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.012
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.8
1.5 to 1.8
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.010
0 to 0.012
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.050 to 0.1