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2011-T451 Aluminum

2011-T451 aluminum is 2011 aluminum in the T451 temper. To achieve this temper, the metal is solution heat-treated, stress relieved, then naturally aged. The stress relief is accomplished by stretching the metal by an amount that depends on the type of standard wrought product being made (sheet, plate, bar, or forging).

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare 2011-T451 aluminum to: 2000-series alloys (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

71 GPa 10 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

16 %

Fatigue Strength

74 MPa 11 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.33

Shear Modulus

27 GPa 3.9 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

190 MPa 28 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

310 MPa 45 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

140 MPa 20 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

390 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

190 °C 370 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

640 °C 1190 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

540 °C 1000 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

870 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

140 W/m-K 79 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

23 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

35 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

100 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

11 % relative

Density

3.1 g/cm3 200 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

7.9 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

150 MJ/kg 63 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

1150 L/kg 140 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

41 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

140 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

44 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

28 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

33 points

Thermal Diffusivity

51 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

14 points

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al)Al 91.3 to 94.6
Copper (Cu)Cu 5.0 to 6.0
Lead (Pb)Pb 0.2 to 0.6
Bismuth (Bi)Bi 0.2 to 0.6
Iron (Fe)Fe 0 to 0.7
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.4
Zinc (Zn)Zn 0 to 0.3
Residualsres. 0 to 0.15

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM B211: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, and Wire

ASTM B210: Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Drawn Seamless Tubes

Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy, John E. Hatch (editor), 1984

EN 755-2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles. Mechanical properties

Aluminum Standards and Data, Aluminum Association Inc., 2013

EN 573-3: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products. Chemical composition and form of products

Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, ASM Handbook vol. 2, ASM International, 1993