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AISI 434 (S43400) Stainless Steel

AISI 434 stainless steel is a ferritic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. 434 is the AISI designation for this material. S43400 is the UNS number. Additionally, the British Standard (BS) designation is 434S19.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare AISI 434 stainless steel to: wrought ferritic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

170

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 29 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

24 %

Fatigue Strength

220 MPa 32 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Rockwell B Hardness

77

Shear Modulus

78 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

330 MPa 48 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

520 MPa 75 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

320 MPa 46 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

280 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

410 °C 770 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

880 °C 1610 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1510 °C 2750 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1430 °C 2600 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

25 W/m-K 14 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

10 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

2.5 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

2.9 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

9.5 % relative

Calomel Potential

-230 mV

Density

7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

2.4 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

33 MJ/kg 14 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

120 L/kg 15 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

20

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

110 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

260 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

19 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

18 points

Thermal Diffusivity

6.7 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

19 points

Alloy Composition

Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of AISI 434 stainless steel is notable for containing comparatively high amounts of chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo). Chromium is the defining alloying element of stainless steel. Higher chromium content imparts additional corrosion resistance. Molybdenum is used to facilitate tempering. In addition, it offers modest bonuses to a wide range of material properties.

Iron (Fe)Fe 78.6 to 83.3
Chromium (Cr)Cr 16 to 18
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0.75 to 1.3
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 1.0
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.12
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

ASTM A276: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes

ASTM A240: Standard Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications

Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Jason Rowe (editor), 2012

Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012

ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996

ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994

Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010