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ASTM A387 Grade 22 (K21590) 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel

ASTM A387 grade 22 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. ASTM A387 Grade 22 is the ASTM designation for this material. K21590 is the UNS number.

The properties of ASTM A387 grade 22 steel include two common variations. This page shows summary ranges across both of them. For more specific values, follow the links immediately below. The graph bars on the material properties cards further below compare ASTM A387 grade 22 steel to: wrought alloy steels in the same category (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

150 to 180

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 28 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

21 %

Fatigue Strength

160 to 240 MPa 24 to 35 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

74 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

300 to 380 MPa 44 to 55 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

480 to 600 MPa 70 to 87 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

230 to 350 MPa 34 to 50 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

260 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

460 °C 860 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1470 °C 2680 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1430 °C 2600 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

40 W/m-K 23 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.5 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.6 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

3.8 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.7 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

23 MJ/kg 9.8 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

58 L/kg 6.9 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

5.6

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

85 to 110 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

140 to 320 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

17 to 21 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

17 to 20 points

Thermal Diffusivity

11 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

14 to 17 points

Alloy Composition

Among alloy steels, the composition of ASTM A387 grade 22 steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of chromium (Cr). Chromium is used to improve corrosion resistance and most mechanical properties (particularly at higher temperatures).

Iron (Fe)Fe 95.1 to 96.8
Chromium (Cr)Cr 2.0 to 2.5
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0.9 to 1.1
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.3 to 0.6
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.5
Carbon (C)C 0.050 to 0.15
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.025
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.025

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

ASTM A387: Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium-Molybdenum

ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service

Pressure Vessels: External Pressure Technology, 2nd ed., Carl T. F. Ross, 2011

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015