ASTM A897 Grade 4 (ASTM 200-155-1 or 1400-1100-02, ISO 1400-1, EN-JS 1130) Cast Iron
ASTM A897 grade 4 is austempered cast iron in the heat treated (HT) condition. It has the second highest strength and second lowest ductility compared to the other variants of austempered cast iron. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM A897 grade 4 to: cast irons (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
430
Compressive (Crushing) Strength
2200 MPa 320 x 103 psi
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
180 GPa 26 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
1.7 %
Fracture Toughness
50 MPa-m1/2 46 x 103 psi-in1/2
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
62 GPa 9.0 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
1260 MPa 180 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
1530 MPa 220 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
1190 MPa 170 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
280 J/g
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1380 °C 2520 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1340 °C 2450 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
490 J/kg-K 0.12 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
42 W/m-K 24 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.9 % relative
Density
7.5 g/cm3 470 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.8 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
25 MJ/kg 11 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
24 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
3970 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
57 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
39 points
Thermal Diffusivity
11 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
45 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 89.6 to 94 | |
| C | 3.4 to 3.8 | |
| Si | 2.3 to 2.7 | |
| Ni | 0 to 2.0 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.8 | |
| Mn | 0.3 to 0.4 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.3 | |
| Cr | 0 to 0.1 | |
| V | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Al | 0 to 0.050 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 | |
| Mg | 0 to 0.040 | |
| Se | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.020 | |
| Sn | 0 to 0.020 | |
| As | 0 to 0.020 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ISO 17804: Founding - Ausferritic Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons - Classification
ASTM A897: Standard Specification for Austempered Ductile Iron Castings
Cast Iron: Physical and Engineering Properties, Harold T. Angus, 1976
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015