ASTM Grade HL (29Cr-20Ni, N08604) Cast Stainless Steel
ASTM grade HL steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. HL is the ASTM designation for this material. N08604 is the UNS number. And 29Cr-20Ni is the common industry name.
It has a moderately low ductility among the cast austenitic stainless steels in the database.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM grade HL steel to: cast austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
150
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 29 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
11 %
Fatigue Strength
150 MPa 22 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.27
Shear Modulus
80 GPa 12 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
500 MPa 73 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
270 MPa 40 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
320 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
460 °C 860 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
1100 °C 2010 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1390 °C 2530 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1340 °C 2450 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
490 J/kg-K 0.12 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Expansion
17 µm/m-K
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
27 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
4.5 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
65 MJ/kg 28 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
210 L/kg 26 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
31
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
48 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
180 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
18 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
18 points
Thermal Shock Resistance
11 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast stainless steels, the composition of ASTM grade HL steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of chromium (Cr). Chromium is the defining alloying element of stainless steel. Higher chromium content imparts additional corrosion resistance.
| Fe | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| Cr | 28 to 32 | |
| Ni | 18 to 22 | |
| Mn | 0 to 2.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 2.0 | |
| C | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| Mo | 0 to 0.5 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 | |
| S | 0 to 0.040 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM A297: Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994