AWS E2594 (W39594) Weld Metal
AWS E2594 is a weld metal formulated for joining stainless steels. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-welded condition. E2594 is the AWS designation for this material. W39594 is the UNS number.
It has a fairly high tensile strength and a moderately low ductility among stainless steel welding fillers.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare AWS E2594 to: stainless steel welding fillers (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
210 GPa 30 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
17 %
Poisson's Ratio
0.27
Shear Modulus
81 GPa 12 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
850 MPa 120 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
300 J/g
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1440 °C 2630 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1400 °C 2550 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
16 W/m-K 9.3 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
14 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.5 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
22 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
4.3 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
60 MJ/kg 26 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
190 L/kg 22 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
43
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
15 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
30 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
25 points
Thermal Diffusivity
4.3 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
21 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 53.8 to 63.8 | |
| Cr | 24 to 27 | |
| Ni | 8.0 to 10.5 | |
| Mo | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| Mn | 0.5 to 2.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| Cu | 0 to 0.75 | |
| N | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| C | 0 to 0.040 | |
| P | 0 to 0.040 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
AWS A5.4: Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, John C. Lippold and Damian J. Kotecki, 2005
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012