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Annealed 420 Stainless Steel

Annealed AISI 420 is AISI 420 stainless steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed AISI 420 to: wrought martensitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

190

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 28 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

15 %

Fatigue Strength

220 MPa 33 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Rockwell B Hardness

84

Shear Modulus

76 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

420 MPa 61 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

690 MPa 100 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

380 MPa 55 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

280 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

390 °C 730 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

620 °C 1150 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1510 °C 2750 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1450 °C 2640 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

27 W/m-K 16 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

10 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

3.0 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

3.5 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

7.5 % relative

Density

7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

2.0 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

28 MJ/kg 12 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

100 L/kg 12 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

14

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

88 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

380 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

25 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

22 points

Thermal Diffusivity

7.3 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

25 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 82.3 to 87.9
Chromium (Cr)Cr 12 to 14
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.75
Carbon (C)C 0.15 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM A176: Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip

ASTM A276: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes

Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Jason Rowe (editor), 2012

Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012

ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels

Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996

ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994

Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010