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Annealed (+A) 1.3566 Steel

EN 1.3566 +A steel is EN 1.3566 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.3566 +A steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

180

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

25 %

Fatigue Strength

300 MPa 43 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

390 MPa 56 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

600 MPa 88 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

410 MPa 59 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

420 °C 800 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2590 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

45 W/m-K 26 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.3 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.3 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.5 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.5 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

20 MJ/kg 8.5 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

52 L/kg 6.2 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

130 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

440 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

21 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

20 points

Thermal Diffusivity

12 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

18 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 96.8 to 98.4
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0.9 to 1.2
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.6 to 0.9
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0.15 to 0.25
Carbon (C)C 0.12 to 0.18
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.3
Aluminum (Al)Al 0 to 0.050
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.025
Oxygen (O)O 0 to 0.0020

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ISO 683-17: Heat-treated steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels - Part 17: Ball and roller bearing steels

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015