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Annealed (+A) 1.8152 Steel

EN 1.8152 +A steel is EN 1.8152 steel in the annealed condition. It has the second lowest strength compared to the other variants of EN 1.8152 steel. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8152 +A steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

220

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

20 %

Fatigue Strength

310 MPa 45 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

72 GPa 10 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

450 MPa 66 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

720 MPa 110 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

450 MPa 65 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

270 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

410 °C 780 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1440 °C 2630 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1400 °C 2550 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

47 W/m-K 27 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.4 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.6 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.2 % relative

Density

7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.8 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

25 MJ/kg 11 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

49 L/kg 5.9 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

120 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

540 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

26 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

23 points

Thermal Diffusivity

13 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

22 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 96 to 97.2
Silicon (Si)Si 1.2 to 1.6
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.5 to 0.8
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0.5 to 0.8
Carbon (C)C 0.51 to 0.59
Vanadium (V)V 0.1 to 0.2
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.025
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.025

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

EN 10089: Hot rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs - Technical delivery conditions

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015