MakeItFrom.com
Menu (ESC)

Annealed A3 Tool Steel

Annealed SAE-AISI A3 is SAE-AISI A3 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed SAE-AISI A3 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

210

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

21 %

Fatigue Strength

230 MPa 34 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

440 MPa 63 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

700 MPa 100 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

340 MPa 49 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

260 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1450 °C 2650 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1410 °C 2570 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

37 W/m-K 21 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

8.3 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

9.7 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

6.0 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

4.4 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

67 MJ/kg 29 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

78 L/kg 9.3 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

8.9

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

120 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

300 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

25 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

23 points

Thermal Diffusivity

10 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

23 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 88.7 to 92
Chromium (Cr)Cr 4.8 to 5.5
Carbon (C)C 1.2 to 1.3
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0.9 to 1.4
Vanadium (V)V 0.8 to 1.4
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.4 to 0.6
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy

Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996