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Annealed H12 Tool Steel

Annealed SAE-AISI H12 is SAE-AISI H12 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed SAE-AISI H12 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

210

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 28 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

21 %

Fatigue Strength

230 MPa 34 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Rockwell B Hardness

95

Shear Modulus

75 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

440 MPa 63 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

690 MPa 100 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

330 MPa 49 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

270 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1480 °C 2700 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1440 °C 2620 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

36 W/m-K 21 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

8.3 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

9.5 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

9.0 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

2.9 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

41 MJ/kg 18 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

76 L/kg 9.0 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

12

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

120 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

290 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

24 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

22 points

Thermal Diffusivity

9.8 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

22 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 87.8 to 91.7
Chromium (Cr)Cr 4.8 to 5.5
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 1.3 to 1.8
Tungsten (W)W 1.0 to 1.7
Silicon (Si)Si 0.8 to 1.2
Carbon (C)C 0.3 to 0.4
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.2 to 0.5
Vanadium (V)V 0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels

ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy

Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015