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Annealed P6 Tool Steel

Annealed SAE-AISI P6 is SAE-AISI P6 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed SAE-AISI P6 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

190

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

18 %

Fatigue Strength

260 MPa 37 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

390 MPa 57 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

630 MPa 92 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

380 MPa 55 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2650 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2580 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

43 W/m-K 25 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.9 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

9.0 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

4.6 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.8 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

24 MJ/kg 10 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

59 L/kg 7.1 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

100 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

390 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

22 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

21 points

Thermal Diffusivity

11 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

21 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 92.9 to 95
Nickel (Ni)Ni 3.3 to 3.8
Chromium (Cr)Cr 1.3 to 1.8
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.35 to 0.7
Silicon (Si)Si 0.1 to 0.4
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.25
Carbon (C)C 0.050 to 0.15
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy

Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996