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Annealed W2 Tool Steel

Annealed AISI W2 is AISI W2 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed AISI W2 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

180

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

22 %

Fatigue Strength

240 MPa 35 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

72 GPa 10 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

370 MPa 54 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

580 MPa 85 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

340 MPa 50 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1450 °C 2640 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1410 °C 2570 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

45 W/m-K 26 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.2 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.3 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.3 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

2.0 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

29 MJ/kg 12 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

110 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

320 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

21 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

20 points

Thermal Diffusivity

12 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

19 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 96.2 to 98.6
Carbon (C)C 0.85 to 1.5
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.35 to 0.74
Silicon (Si)Si 0.1 to 0.4
Vanadium (V)V 0.15 to 0.35
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.2
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0 to 0.15
Tungsten (W)W 0 to 0.15
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.025
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.025

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM A686: Standard Specification for Tool Steel, Carbon

Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015