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Annealed W5 Tool Steel

Annealed AISI W5 is AISI W5 steel in the annealed condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare annealed AISI W5 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

180

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

24 %

Fatigue Strength

270 MPa 40 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

72 GPa 10 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

380 MPa 55 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

600 MPa 87 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

380 MPa 55 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1450 °C 2640 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1410 °C 2570 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

45 W/m-K 26 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.2 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.3 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.3 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.6 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

21 MJ/kg 9.2 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

48 L/kg 5.7 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

130 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

380 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

21 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

20 points

Thermal Diffusivity

12 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

20 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 96.6 to 98.4
Carbon (C)C 1.1 to 1.2
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0.4 to 0.6
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.1 to 0.4
Silicon (Si)Si 0.1 to 0.4
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.2
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.2
Tungsten (W)W 0 to 0.15
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.1
Vanadium (V)V 0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM A686: Standard Specification for Tool Steel, Carbon

Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016