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Cold Finished 321 Stainless Steel

Cold finished AISI 321 is AISI 321 stainless steel in the cold worked (strain hardened) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare cold finished AISI 321 to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

210

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 29 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

34 %

Fatigue Strength

270 MPa 40 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Shear Modulus

77 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

460 MPa 67 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

690 MPa 100 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

350 MPa 50 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

290 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

480 °C 890 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

870 °C 1600 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1430 °C 2600 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1400 °C 2550 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

16 W/m-K 9.0 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

17 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

2.4 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

2.7 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

16 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

3.2 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

45 MJ/kg 20 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

140 L/kg 17 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

19

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

190 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

310 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

25 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

22 points

Thermal Diffusivity

4.1 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

15 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 65.3 to 74
Chromium (Cr)Cr 17 to 19
Nickel (Ni)Ni 9.0 to 12
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 2.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.75
Titanium (Ti)Ti 0 to 0.7
Nitrogen (N)N 0 to 0.1
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.080
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.045
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM A182: Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service

ASTM A276: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes

Creep-Resistant Steels, Fujio Abe et al. (editors), 2008

Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012

ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels

Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002

Pressure Vessels: External Pressure Technology, 2nd ed., Carl T. F. Ross, 2011

Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994