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Cold Worked and Stress Relieved Grade 9 Titanium

Cold worked and stress relieved grade 9 titanium is grade 9 titanium in the cold worked and stress relieved condition. It has the highest strength and lowest ductility compared to the other variants of grade 9 titanium.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare cold worked and stress relieved grade 9 titanium to: wrought titaniums (top), all titanium alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

110 GPa 15 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

11 %

Fatigue Strength

480 MPa 70 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.32

Reduction in Area

28 %

Shear Modulus

40 GPa 5.8 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

580 MPa 84 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

960 MPa 140 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

830 MPa 120 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

410 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

330 °C 630 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1640 °C 2980 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1590 °C 2890 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

550 J/kg-K 0.13 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

8.1 W/m-K 4.7 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

9.1 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

1.4 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

2.7 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

37 % relative

Density

4.5 g/cm3 280 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

36 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

580 MJ/kg 250 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

150 L/kg 18 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

100 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

3220 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

35 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

60 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

48 points

Thermal Diffusivity

3.3 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

71 points

Alloy Composition

Titanium (Ti)Ti 92.6 to 95.5
Aluminum (Al)Al 2.5 to 3.5
Vanadium (V)V 2.0 to 3.0
Iron (Fe)Fe 0 to 0.25
Oxygen (O)O 0 to 0.15
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.080
Nitrogen (N)N 0 to 0.030
Hydrogen (H)H 0 to 0.015
Residualsres. 0 to 0.4

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM B861: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe

ASTM B381: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings

ASTM B265: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate

ASTM B348: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets

Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Christoph Leyens and Manfred Peters (editors), 2003

Titanium, 2nd ed., G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams, 2007

Aerospace Materials, Brian Cantor et al. (editors), 2001

Sintering of Advanced Materials: Fundamentals and Processes, Zhigang Zak Fang (editor), 2010

Environmental Degradation of Advanced and Traditional Engineering Materials, Lloyd H. Hihara et al., 2014.

Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Jason Rowe (editor), 2012