EN 1.3940 (GX2CrNiN18-13) Cast Stainless Steel
EN 1.3940 stainless steel is a duplex stainless steel formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the solution annealed (AT) condition. 1.3940 is the EN numeric designation for this material. GX2CrNiN18-13 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately high ductility among cast duplex stainless steels. In addition, it has a moderately low tensile strength and a moderately low embodied energy.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.3940 stainless steel to: cast duplex stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
34 %
Fatigue Strength
190 MPa 28 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
130 J 95 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
77 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
540 MPa 78 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
240 MPa 35 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
290 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
410 °C 780 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
930 °C 1710 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1420 °C 2590 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1380 °C 2510 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
15 W/m-K 8.9 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.7 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
17 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.3 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
47 MJ/kg 20 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
150 L/kg 17 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
20
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
150 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
150 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
19 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
19 points
Thermal Diffusivity
4.1 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
16 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.3940 stainless steel is notable for including nitrogen (N) and containing a comparatively high amount of nickel (Ni). Nitrogen has a substantial strengthening effect, but has a complex (frequently negative) relationship with corrosion resistance. Nickel is primarily used to achieve a specific microstructure. In addition, it has a beneficial effect on mechanical properties and certain types of corrosion.
| Fe | 64.2 to 71.4 | |
| Cr | 16.5 to 18.5 | |
| Ni | 12 to 14 | |
| Mn | 0 to 2.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| N | 0.1 to 0.2 | |
| P | 0 to 0.035 | |
| C | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.020 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ISO 19960: Cast steels and alloys with special physical properties
Duplex Stainless Steels, Iris Alvarez-Armas and Suzanne Degallaix-Moreuil (editors), 2009
Duplex Stainless Steels: Microstructure, Properties and Applications, Robert N. Gunn (editor), 1997
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010
CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015