EN 1.4325 (X9CrNi18-9) Stainless Steel
EN 1.4325 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the solution annealed (AT) condition. 1.4325 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X9CrNi18-9 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a moderately low embodied energy among the wrought austenitic stainless steels in the database.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4325 stainless steel to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 29 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
45 %
Fatigue Strength
190 MPa 28 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
91 J 67 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
77 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
450 MPa 66 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
650 MPa 94 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
210 MPa 31 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
290 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
410 °C 780 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
930 °C 1700 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1430 °C 2600 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1380 °C 2520 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
16 W/m-K 9.2 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
16 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.4 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.8 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
15 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.0 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
42 MJ/kg 18 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
140 L/kg 17 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
18
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
230 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
110 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
23 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
21 points
Thermal Diffusivity
4.3 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
15 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4325 stainless steel is notable for containing comparatively high amounts of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr). Nickel is primarily used to achieve a specific microstructure. In addition, it has a beneficial effect on mechanical properties and certain types of corrosion. Chromium is the defining alloying element of stainless steel. Higher chromium content imparts additional corrosion resistance.
| Fe | 67.8 to 75 | |
| Cr | 17 to 19 | |
| Ni | 8.0 to 10 | |
| Mn | 0 to 2.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| C | 0.030 to 0.15 | |
| P | 0 to 0.045 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10088-3: Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010