EN 1.4578 (X3CrNiCuMo17-11-3-2) Stainless Steel
EN 1.4578 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the solution annealed (AT) condition. 1.4578 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X3CrNiCuMo17-11-3-2 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a fairly high ductility and a fairly low tensile strength among wrought austenitic stainless steels.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4578 stainless steel to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 29 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
51 %
Fatigue Strength
200 MPa 29 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
90 J 67 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
77 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
400 MPa 57 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
550 MPa 80 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
200 MPa 29 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
290 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
410 °C 770 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
930 °C 1710 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1430 °C 2610 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1390 °C 2530 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
14 W/m-K 8.4 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
16 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.6 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
19 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
3.7 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
51 MJ/kg 22 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
160 L/kg 19 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
25
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
220 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
100 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
19 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
19 points
Thermal Diffusivity
3.9 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
12 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4578 stainless steel is notable for including copper (Cu). Copper is used to improve resistance to acids, and to improve formability.
| Fe | 62.3 to 68.5 | |
| Cr | 16.5 to 17.5 | |
| Ni | 10 to 11 | |
| Cu | 3.0 to 3.5 | |
| Mo | 2.0 to 2.5 | |
| Mn | 0 to 2.0 | |
| Si | 0 to 1.0 | |
| N | 0 to 0.1 | |
| P | 0 to 0.045 | |
| C | 0 to 0.040 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10088-3: Stainless steels - Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods, wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting steels for general purposes
EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels, Erich Folkhard et al., 2012
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010