EN 1.4988 (X8CrNiMoVNb16-13) Stainless Steel
EN 1.4988 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the aged (precipitation hardened) condition. 1.4988 is the EN numeric designation for this material. X8CrNiMoVNb16-13 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a fairly high embodied energy among wrought austenitic stainless steels. In addition, it has a moderately high base cost and a moderately low ductility.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.4988 stainless steel to: wrought austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
200 GPa 28 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
34 %
Fatigue Strength
230 MPa 33 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
77 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
430 MPa 62 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
640 MPa 93 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
290 MPa 41 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
290 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion
520 °C 960 °F
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
920 °C 1690 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1450 °C 2630 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1400 °C 2550 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
15 W/m-K 8.7 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
16 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
2.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
2.5 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
23 % relative
Density
7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
6.0 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
89 MJ/kg 38 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
150 L/kg 18 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
22
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
180 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
210 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
23 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
21 points
Thermal Diffusivity
4.0 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
14 points
Alloy Composition
Among wrought stainless steels, the composition of EN 1.4988 stainless steel is notable for including vanadium (V) and niobium (Nb). Vanadium has a strong hardening effect, but this effect is particularly sensitive to the type of tempering. Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength, particularly at elevated temperatures.
| Fe | 62.1 to 69.5 | |
| Cr | 15.5 to 17.5 | |
| Ni | 12.5 to 14.5 | |
| Mo | 1.1 to 1.5 | |
| Nb | 0.4 to 1.2 | |
| Mn | 0 to 1.5 | |
| V | 0.6 to 0.85 | |
| Si | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| N | 0.060 to 0.14 | |
| C | 0.040 to 0.1 | |
| P | 0 to 0.035 | |
| S | 0 to 0.015 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 10302: Creep resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloys
Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, John C. Lippold and Damian J. Kotecki, 2005
EN 10088-1: Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002
Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984
Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010