EN 1.8519 (31CrMoV9) Nitriding Steel
EN 1.8519 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. 1.8519 is the EN numeric designation for this material. 31CrMoV9 is the EN chemical designation.
It has a fairly high embodied energy among EN wrought alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately low thermal conductivity and a moderately high base cost.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8519 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
360
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
10 %
Fatigue Strength
630 MPa 91 x 103 psi
Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy
28 J 21 ft-lb
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
73 GPa 11 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
710 MPa 100 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
1200 MPa 170 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
1030 MPa 150 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
450 °C 850 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1460 °C 2660 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1420 °C 2580 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
40 W/m-K 23 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.4 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.6 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
3.1 % relative
Density
7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
1.9 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
26 MJ/kg 11 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
58 L/kg 6.9 gal/lb
Common Calculations
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
3.2
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
120 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
2790 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
43 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
32 points
Thermal Diffusivity
11 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
35 points
Alloy Composition
Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8519 steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of chromium (Cr) and including vanadium (V). Chromium is used to improve corrosion resistance and most mechanical properties (particularly at higher temperatures). Vanadium has a strong hardening effect, but this effect is particularly sensitive to the type of tempering.
| Fe | 95.7 to 97.1 | |
| Cr | 2.3 to 2.7 | |
| Mn | 0.4 to 0.7 | |
| C | 0.27 to 0.34 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.4 | |
| Mo | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| V | 0.1 to 0.2 | |
| S | 0 to 0.035 | |
| P | 0 to 0.025 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ISO 683-5: Heat treatable steels, alloy steels and free-cutting steels - Part 5: Nitriding steels
Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005
Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008
Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015