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EN 1.8838 (S460ML) Steel

EN 1.8838 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the thermomechanically rolled condition. 1.8838 is the EN numeric designation for this material. S460ML is the EN chemical designation.

It has a moderately high electrical conductivity among EN wrought alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately high embodied energy and a moderately low tensile strength.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8838 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

180

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

19 %

Fatigue Strength

290 MPa 43 x 103 psi

Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy

58 J 43 ft-lb

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

380 MPa 55 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

610 MPa 88 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

430 MPa 63 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

410 °C 760 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2590 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

44 W/m-K 26 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.6 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.7 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.6 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.7 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

23 MJ/kg 9.8 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

50 L/kg 5.9 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

100 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

500 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

21 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

20 points

Thermal Diffusivity

12 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

18 points

Alloy Composition

Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8838 steel is notable for including titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb). Titanium is used to broadly improve mechanical properties. Niobium is primarily used to improve yield strength.

Iron (Fe)Fe 95 to 99.985
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 1.8
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.85
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.65
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.6
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0 to 0.35
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.23
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.18
Vanadium (V)V 0 to 0.14
Aluminum (Al)Al 0.015 to 0.054
Niobium (Nb)Nb 0 to 0.060
Titanium (Ti)Ti 0 to 0.060
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Nitrogen (N)N 0 to 0.027
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.025

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

EN 10025-4: Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 4: Technical delivery conditions for thermomechanical rolled weldable fine grain structural steels

Welding Metallurgy, 2nd ed., Sindo Kou, 2003

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015