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EN 1.8880 (P690QH) Nickel Steel

EN 1.8880 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the quenched and tempered condition. 1.8880 is the EN numeric designation for this material. P690QH is the EN chemical designation.

It has a very high electrical conductivity among EN wrought alloy steels. In addition, it has a fairly high embodied energy and a fairly high base cost.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8880 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

250

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

16 %

Fatigue Strength

470 MPa 69 x 103 psi

Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy

68 J 50 ft-lb

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

510 MPa 74 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

830 MPa 120 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

720 MPa 100 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

260 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

420 °C 790 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2590 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

40 W/m-K 23 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

8.1 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

9.3 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

3.7 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.9 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

26 MJ/kg 11 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

54 L/kg 6.4 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

2.0

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

130 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

1370 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

29 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

25 points

Thermal Diffusivity

11 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

24 points

Alloy Composition

Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8880 steel is notable for including zirconium (Zr) and boron (B). Zirconium is used to improve ductility. Boron is used to improve hardenability. It has a substantial effect when added in even tiny amounts.

Iron (Fe)Fe 91.9 to 100
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 2.5
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 1.7
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0 to 1.5
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.8
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.7
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.3
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.2
Zirconium (Zr)Zr 0 to 0.15
Vanadium (V)V 0 to 0.12
Niobium (Nb)Nb 0 to 0.060
Titanium (Ti)Ti 0 to 0.050
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.025
Nitrogen (N)N 0 to 0.015
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.010
Boron (B)B 0 to 0.0050

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

EN 10028-6: Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 6: Weldable fine grain steels, quenched and tempered

Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015