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EN 1.8965 (S355J2W) Weathering Steel

EN 1.8965 steel is an alloy steel formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the hot worked condition. 1.8965 is the EN numeric designation for this material. S355J2W is the EN chemical designation.

It has a fairly low thermal conductivity among EN wrought alloy steels. In addition, it has a moderately high electrical conductivity and a moderately high embodied energy.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN 1.8965 steel to: EN wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

170

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

16 %

Fatigue Strength

220 MPa 32 x 103 psi

Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy

30 J 22 ft-lb

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

350 MPa 50 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

570 MPa 82 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

340 MPa 49 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

420 °C 780 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2590 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

39 W/m-K 22 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.6 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

8.7 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

3.0 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.8 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

25 MJ/kg 11 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

52 L/kg 6.2 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

78 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

300 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

20 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

19 points

Thermal Diffusivity

10 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

17 points

Alloy Composition

Among alloy steels, the composition of EN 1.8965 steel is notable for including zirconium (Zr) and containing a comparatively high amount of manganese (Mn). Zirconium is used to improve ductility. Manganese is used to improve hardenability, hot workability, and surface quality. There is some loss of ductility and weldability, however.

Iron (Fe)Fe 94.6 to 99
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.45 to 1.6
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0.35 to 0.85
Copper (Cu)Cu 0.2 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.7
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.55
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.35
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.19
Zirconium (Zr)Zr 0 to 0.17
Vanadium (V)V 0 to 0.14
Titanium (Ti)Ti 0 to 0.12
Niobium (Nb)Nb 0 to 0.065
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.035
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.035
Aluminum (Al)Al 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

EN 10025-5: Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 5: Technical delivery conditions for structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance

Real Material Properties of Weathering Steels Used in Bridge Structures, Vit Krivy and Petr Konecny, 2013

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015