EN AC-21000 (21000-T4, AICu4MgTi) Cast Aluminum
EN AC-21000 aluminum is an aluminum alloy formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the T4 temper. To achieve this temper, the metal is solution heat-treated and naturally aged. 21000 is the EN numeric designation for this material. AICu4MgTi is the EN chemical designation.
It has a fairly high density among Euronorm (EN) cast aluminums. In addition, it has a fairly high tensile strength and a fairly high ductility.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare EN AC-21000 aluminum to: Euronorm (EN) cast aluminums (top), all aluminum alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
100
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
71 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
6.7 %
Fatigue Strength
100 MPa 15 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.33
Shear Modulus
27 GPa 3.8 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
340 MPa 50 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
240 MPa 34 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
390 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
170 °C 340 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
670 °C 1230 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
550 °C 1020 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
880 J/kg-K 0.21 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
130 W/m-K 74 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
23 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
34 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
100 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
11 % relative
Density
3.0 g/cm3 190 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
8.0 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
150 MJ/kg 65 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
1150 L/kg 140 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
21 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
390 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
46 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
32 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
36 points
Thermal Diffusivity
49 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
15 points
Alloy Composition
Among cast aluminum alloys, the composition of EN AC-21000 aluminum is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of copper (Cu) and including lead (Pb). Copper is used to improve strength. This comes at the cost of a decrease in corrosion resistance and weldability. Lead is used to improve machinability at the cost of toxicity and a decrease in weldability.
| Al | 93.4 to 95.5 | |
| Cu | 4.2 to 5.0 | |
| Mg | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| Ti | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.35 | |
| Si | 0 to 0.2 | |
| Mn | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Zn | 0 to 0.1 | |
| Ni | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Sn | 0 to 0.050 | |
| Pb | 0 to 0.050 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.1 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
EN 1706: Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Castings. Chemical composition and mechanical properties
Handbook of Aluminum vol. 2: Alloy Production and Materials Manufacturing, George Totten and D. Scott MacKenzie (editors), 2003