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Full-Hard (H04) C54400 Bronze

H04 C54400 bronze is C54400 bronze in the H04 (full hard) temper. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare H04 C54400 bronze to: wrought bronzes (top), all copper alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

110 GPa 16 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

13 %

Poisson's Ratio

0.34

Rockwell B Hardness

85

Rockwell Superficial 30T Hardness

73

Shear Modulus

40 GPa 5.8 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

280 MPa 40 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

460 MPa 66 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

190 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

170 °C 340 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1000 °C 1830 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

930 °C 1700 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

370 J/kg-K 0.088 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

86 W/m-K 50 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

18 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

19 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

19 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

31 % relative

Density

8.9 g/cm3 550 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

2.9 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

48 MJ/kg 20 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

340 L/kg 41 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

6.8 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

18 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

14 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

15 points

Thermal Diffusivity

26 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

17 points

Alloy Composition

Copper (Cu)Cu 85.4 to 91.5
Tin (Sn)Sn 3.5 to 4.5
Lead (Pb)Pb 3.5 to 4.5
Zinc (Zn)Zn 1.5 to 4.5
Phosphorus (P)P 0.010 to 0.5
Iron (Fe)Fe 0 to 0.1
Residualsres. 0 to 0.5

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM B139: Standard Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar, and Shapes

ASTM B103: Standard Specification for Phosphor Bronze Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar

ASM Specialty Handbook: Copper and Copper Alloys, J. R. Davis (editor), 2001

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015