Grade 12 (3.7105, R53400) Titanium
Grade 12 titanium is a titanium alloy formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. 3.7105 is the EN numeric designation for this material. R53400 is the UNS number. Additionally, the ASTM designation is Titanium Grade 12.
It has a moderately low embodied energy among the wrought titaniums in the database.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare grade 12 titanium to: wrought titaniums (top), all titanium alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness
170
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
110 GPa 16 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
21 %
Fatigue Strength
280 MPa 41 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.32
Reduction in Area
28 %
Shear Modulus
39 GPa 5.7 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
330 MPa 48 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
530 MPa 77 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
410 MPa 59 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
420 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
320 °C 600 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1660 °C 3020 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1610 °C 2930 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
540 J/kg-K 0.13 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
21 W/m-K 12 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
9.6 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
3.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
6.6 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
37 % relative
Density
4.5 g/cm3 280 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
31 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
500 MJ/kg 220 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
110 L/kg 13 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
110 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
770 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
35 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
32 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
32 points
Thermal Diffusivity
8.5 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
37 points
Alloy Composition
| Ti | 97.6 to 99.2 | |
| Ni | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| Mo | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.3 | |
| O | 0 to 0.25 | |
| C | 0 to 0.080 | |
| N | 0 to 0.030 | |
| H | 0 to 0.015 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.4 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
ASTM B861: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe
ASTM B381: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings
ASTM B265: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
ASTM B348: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Christoph Leyens and Manfred Peters (editors), 2003
Titanium, 2nd ed., G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams, 2007
Aerospace Materials, Brian Cantor et al. (editors), 2001
Environmental Degradation of Advanced and Traditional Engineering Materials, Lloyd H. Hihara et al., 2014.