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Hardened 440C Stainless Steel

Hardened AISI 440C is AISI 440C stainless steel in the hardened (H) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare hardened AISI 440C to: wrought martensitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 28 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

2.0 %

Fatigue Strength

840 MPa 120 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Shear Modulus

76 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

1120 MPa 160 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

1970 MPa 290 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

1900 MPa 280 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

280 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

390 °C 730 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

870 °C 1600 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1480 °C 2700 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1370 °C 2500 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

480 J/kg-K 0.12 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

22 W/m-K 13 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

10 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

2.4 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

2.8 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

9.0 % relative

Density

7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

2.2 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

31 MJ/kg 13 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

120 L/kg 14 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

18

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

39 MJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

71 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

46 points

Thermal Diffusivity

6.0 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

71 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 78 to 83.1
Chromium (Cr)Cr 16 to 18
Carbon (C)C 1.0 to 1.2
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.75
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.015

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

ASTM A276: Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes

Creep-Resistant Steels, Fujio Abe et al. (editors), 2008

Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, John C. Lippold and Damian J. Kotecki, 2005

Advanced Materials in Automotive Engineering, Jason Rowe (editor), 2012

ASTM A959: Standard Guide for Specifying Harmonized Standard Grade Compositions for Wrought Stainless Steels

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

Corrosion of Stainless Steels, A. John Sedriks, 1996

ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994

Advances in Stainless Steels, Baldev Raj et al. (editors), 2010