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Hardened D7 Tool Steel

Hardened SAE-AISI D7 is SAE-AISI D7 steel in the hardened (H) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare hardened SAE-AISI D7 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.28

Rockwell C Hardness

65

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

2120 MPa 310 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

270 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1440 °C 2620 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1400 °C 2540 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

27 W/m-K 15 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

11 µm/m-K

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

10 % relative

Density

7.6 g/cm3 470 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

11 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

180 MJ/kg 78 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

130 L/kg 15 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

16

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

78 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

48 points

Thermal Diffusivity

7.4 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

72 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 76.6 to 81.9
Chromium (Cr)Cr 11.5 to 13.5
Vanadium (V)V 3.8 to 4.4
Carbon (C)C 2.2 to 2.5
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0.7 to 1.2
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 0.6
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels

ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy

Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996