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Hardened H12 Tool Steel

Hardened SAE-AISI H12 is SAE-AISI H12 steel in the hardened (H) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare hardened SAE-AISI H12 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 28 x 106 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Rockwell C Hardness

57

Shear Modulus

75 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

1850 MPa 270 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

270 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1480 °C 2700 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1440 °C 2620 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

36 W/m-K 21 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

12 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

8.3 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

9.5 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

9.0 % relative

Density

7.9 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

2.9 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

41 MJ/kg 18 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

76 L/kg 9.0 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

12

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

14 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

65 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

42 points

Thermal Diffusivity

9.8 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

60 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 87.8 to 91.7
Chromium (Cr)Cr 4.8 to 5.5
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 1.3 to 1.8
Tungsten (W)W 1.0 to 1.7
Silicon (Si)Si 0.8 to 1.2
Carbon (C)C 0.3 to 0.4
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.2 to 0.5
Vanadium (V)V 0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.3
Copper (Cu)Cu 0 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.030

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

How are the material properties defined?How do I compare this exact variant to another material?

Further Reading

SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels

ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy

Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015