Hardened S4 Tool Steel
Hardened SAE-AISI S4 is SAE-AISI S4 steel in the hardened (H) condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare hardened SAE-AISI S4 to: tool steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa 27 x 106 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Rockwell C Hardness
66
Shear Modulus
72 GPa 10 x 106 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
2140 MPa 310 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
280 J/g
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1430 °C 2610 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1390 °C 2540 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
44 W/m-K 26 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
13 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.4 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.7 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price
2.2 % relative
Density
7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
2.0 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
29 MJ/kg 12 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
48 L/kg 5.8 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
77 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
48 points
Thermal Diffusivity
12 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
65 points
Alloy Composition
| Fe | 95.2 to 96.9 | |
| Si | 1.8 to 2.3 | |
| Mn | 0.6 to 1.0 | |
| C | 0.5 to 0.65 | |
| Cr | 0.1 to 0.5 | |
| V | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| P | 0 to 0.030 | |
| S | 0 to 0.030 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Further Reading
ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy
Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016
ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996