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Hot Rolled 1046 Carbon Steel

Hot rolled SAE-AISI 1046 is SAE-AISI 1046 steel in the hot worked condition. It has the lowest strength and highest ductility compared to the other variants of SAE-AISI 1046 steel. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare hot rolled SAE-AISI 1046 to: wrought carbon or non-alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

190

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

17 %

Fatigue Strength

240 MPa 35 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Reduction in Area

46 %

Shear Modulus

72 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

410 MPa 59 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

660 MPa 96 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

370 MPa 53 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

400 °C 750 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2590 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

51 W/m-K 30 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

11 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

11 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

12 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

1.8 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.4 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

18 MJ/kg 7.9 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

46 L/kg 5.5 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

95 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

360 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

23 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

22 points

Thermal Diffusivity

14 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

23 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 98.4 to 98.9
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.7 to 1.0
Carbon (C)C 0.43 to 0.5
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.050
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.040

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Further Reading

Cold-Formed Steel Structures to the AISI Specification, Gregory J. Hancock et al., 2001

ASTM A29: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for

Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons, Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004

Carbon Steel Handbook, D. Gandy, 2007

ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1996

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015