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ISO Solder Alloy 181 (Pb98Ag2)

Solder alloy 181 is a lead-based soldering alloy. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. 181 is the ISO numeric designation for this material. Older literature may refer to this material as S-Pb98Ag2, but this is now discouraged.

It has a moderately low heat capacity among lead-based solder alloys. In addition, it has a very low tensile strength and a moderately high melting temperature.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare solder alloy 181 to: lead-based solder alloys (top), all alloys in the same category (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

18 GPa 2.5 x 10⁶ psi

Elongation at Break

41 %

Poisson's Ratio

0.44

Shear Modulus

6.1 GPa 0.89 x 10⁶ psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

27 MPa 3.9 x 10³ psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

26 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

310 °C 580 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

300 °C 580 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

130 J/kg-K 0.031 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

24 W/m-K 14 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

29 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

9.3 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

7.4 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density

11 g/cm³ 710 lb/ft³

Embodied Carbon

6.2 kg CO₂/kg material

Embodied Energy

100 MJ/kg 43 x 10³ BTU/lb

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

0.86 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

7.7 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

0.66 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

1.8 points

Thermal Diffusivity

16 mm²/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

3.8 points

Alloy Composition

Lead (Pb)Pb		96.2 to 98
Silver (Ag)Ag		2.0 to 3.0
Tin (Sn)Sn		0 to 0.25
Antimony (Sb)Sb		0 to 0.2
Bismuth (Bi)Bi		0 to 0.1
Indium (In)In		0 to 0.1
Copper (Cu)Cu		0 to 0.080
Gold (Au)Au		0 to 0.050
Arsenic (As)As		0 to 0.030
Iron (Fe)Fe		0 to 0.020
Nickel (Ni)Ni		0 to 0.010
Cadmium (Cd)Cd		0 to 0.0020
Aluminum (Al)Al		0 to 0.0010
Zinc (Zn)Zn		0 to 0.0010