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Normalized 4140 Cr-Mo Steel

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Normalized SAE-AISI 4140 is a type of SAE-AISI 4140 steel. It is furnished in the normalized condition. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare normalized SAE-AISI 4140 to: wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). The length of each bar shows the given value as a % of the largest value in the relevant set.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

300

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

18 %

Fatigue Strength

440 MPa 64 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

630 MPa 92 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

1020 MPa 150 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

660 MPa 95 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2660 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2580 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

43 W/m-K 25 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

2.4 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.5 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

20 MJ/kg 8.5 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

51 L/kg 6.1 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

160 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

1140 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

36 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

29 points

Thermal Diffusivity

12 m2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

30 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe) 96.8 to 97.8
Chromium (Cr) 0.8 to 1.1
Manganese (Mn) 0.75 to 1.0
Carbon (C) 0.38 to 0.43
Silicon (Si) 0.15 to 0.35
Molybdenum (Mo) 0.15 to 0.25
Sulfur (S) 0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P) 0 to 0.035

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

How are the material properties defined?How do I compare this exact variant to another material?

Further Reading

ASTM A322: Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Standard Grades

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015