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Normalized 4340 Ni-Cr-Mo Steel

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Normalized SAE-AISI 4340 is a type of SAE-AISI 4340 steel. It is furnished in the normalized condition. It has the highest strength and lowest ductility compared to the other variants of SAE-AISI 4340 steel. The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare normalized SAE-AISI 4340 to: wrought alloy steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). The length of each bar shows the given value as a % of the largest value in the relevant set.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

360

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

190 GPa 27 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

12 %

Fatigue Strength

540 MPa 78 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

73 GPa 11 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

770 MPa 110 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

1280 MPa 190 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

860 MPa 120 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

250 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1460 °C 2650 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1420 °C 2580 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

470 J/kg-K 0.11 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Expansion

13 µm/m-K

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

3.6 % relative

Density

7.8 g/cm3 490 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.7 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

22 MJ/kg 9.5 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

53 L/kg 6.4 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

140 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

1970 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

24 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

45 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

33 points

Thermal Shock Resistance

38 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe) 95.1 to 96.3
Nickel (Ni) 1.7 to 2.0
Chromium (Cr) 0.7 to 0.9
Manganese (Mn) 0.6 to 0.8
Carbon (C) 0.38 to 0.43
Silicon (Si) 0.15 to 0.35
Molybdenum (Mo) 0.2 to 0.3
Sulfur (S) 0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P) 0 to 0.035

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

How are the material properties defined?How do I compare this exact variant to another material?

Further Reading

Manufacture and Uses of Alloy Steels, Henry D. Hibbard, 2005

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

Steels: Processing, Structure, and Performance, 2nd ed., George Krauss, 2015