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SAE-ASTM Grade G4000d (F10012) Grey Cast Iron

Grade G4000d cast iron is a type of automotive grey cast iron. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. F10012 is the UNS number for this material. Additionally, the ASTM designation is ASTM A159 grade 4000d. And the SAE designation is SAE J431 grade 4000d.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare grade G4000d cast iron to: cast irons (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

280

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

180 GPa 26 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

9.6 %

Poisson's Ratio

0.29

Shear Modulus

70 GPa 10 x 106 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

290 MPa 43 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

180 MPa 26 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

280 J/g

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1390 °C 2530 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1350 °C 2460 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

490 J/kg-K 0.12 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

42 W/m-K 24 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

14 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

7.6 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

9.1 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

3.0 % relative

Density

7.5 g/cm3 470 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

1.7 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

24 MJ/kg 10 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

51 L/kg 6.1 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

2.7

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

25 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

89 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

11 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

13 points

Thermal Diffusivity

11 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

8.6 points

Alloy Composition

Iron (Fe)Fe 90.6 to 93.1
Carbon (C)C 3.1 to 3.6
Silicon (Si)Si 2.0 to 2.4
Chromium (Cr)Cr 0.85 to 1.3
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0.6 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0.4 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni)Ni 0 to 0.45
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.15
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.1

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

ASTM A159: Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings

SAE J431: Automotive Gray Iron Castings

Cast Iron: Physical and Engineering Properties, Harold T. Angus, 1976

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

Ferrous Materials: Steel and Cast Iron, Hans Berns and Werner Theisen, 2008